英语特殊疑问句使用方法要素
1. 基本使用方法与结构
特殊疑问句是由疑问词提问的句子。疑问词包含疑问代词和疑问副词。其基本结构是“疑问词+一般疑问句”：
What are you doing? 你在干什么？
Which child knows the answer? 什么孩子了解答案？
Whose bicycle is this? 这是哪个的自行车？
When can you come? 你什么时间能来？
Where are you from? 你从什么地方来？
Why are your clothes so dirty? 你的衣服为何这么脏?
How shall I answer her? 我如何回答她?
若疑问词用作句子主语，则为陈述句词序：
Who gave you that book? 哪个给你的那本书？
What made her cry so badly? 是什么使她哭得如此伤心？
2. 怎么样就划线部分提问
就划线部分提问的基本办法是：先依据划线部分词汇的意思和句法功能确定用什么疑问词，然后将原句变为一般疑问句跟在疑问词的后面即可。请看实例：
He goes to school by bike.
→How does he go to school? 他如何去上学？
Jim went home yesterday.
→When did Jim go home? 吉姆什么时间回家的？
He was born in
→Where was he born? 他出生在什么地方？
He can’t come because he is ill.
→Why can’t he come? 他为何不可以来？
This is Mary’s wallet.
→Whose wallet is this? 这是哪个的钱包？
He bought a dictionary yesterday.
→What did he buy yesterday? 他昨天买了什么？
若划线部分是句子主语，则只须用疑问词代替划线部分即可：
Jack stole our money.
→Who stole our money? 哪个偷了大家的钱？
若划线部分包括谓语动词，则应用do的适合形式代替划线部分：
He bought a dictionary yesterday.
→What did he do yesterday? 他昨天做了哪些？
She was writing letters last night.
→What was she doing last night? 她昨晚在干什么？
He has sold his house.
→What has he done? 他做了哪些？
3. 常用疑问词的使用方法与不同
疑问代词与疑问副词有什么区别。疑问代词主要用作主语或宾语，疑问副词主要用作状语。
who 与 whom有什么区别。参见本书“代词”一章。
what, which, who有什么区别。参见本书“代词”一章。
how long, how often, how soon有什么区别。三者均可译为“多长时间”，但有不同：
① how long 指多久，主要用来对一段时间提问：
—How long did he stay here? 他在这儿呆了多长时间?
—about two hours. 大约两小时。
② how often 指每隔多长时间，主要用来对频度副词或状语提问：
—How often does he come here? 他多长时间来一次?
—once a month. 每月一次。
③ how soon 指再过多长时间，主要用来对表示以后的一段时间提问：
—How soon will he be back? 他要多长时间才回来?
—In an hour. 1小时将来。
how many 与how much有什么区别。两者均表示“多少”，但how many 指数，其后接可数名词复数，how much 指量，其后接不可数名词：
How many children does he have? 他有几个孩子?
How much time did you spend on it? 做此事你花了多少时间?
有时其后不接词，how many 依旧指数，how much 依旧指量：
We have plenty of novels. How many do you want? 大家有不少小说。你要多少?
You need some money? How much do you want? 你需要钱? 要多少?
另外，how much还可用来表示计算或询问价钱、重量、程度等：
How much is four times five? 4 乘以 5 等于多少?
How much is the coat? 这件上衣多少钱?
How much do you like her？你有多喜欢她？
How much does it weigh? 这东西有多重？
4. 两点要紧说明
特殊疑问句不可以用yes和no来回答。
有时两个疑问句可以叠用：
When and where was he born? 他出生于何时何地？
When and how did you find it? 你是在什么时间如何找到它的？
